Persimmon in particular the cultivar ‘Fuyu’, is a popular tropical fruit and it is widely distributed in many Asian countries. Persimmon has become an important agricultural product that is more profitable and marketable because of its unique flavor, exotic texture, and outstanding taste. In Japan, the harvesting of ‘Fuyu’ persimmon occurs from November to December. However, to avoid oversupply during the harvesting season and extend its sale period, techniques for extending fruit shelf-life are required. Furthermore, the softening texture of persimmon might be occurred during storage and transportation due to mold infection and contamination. In particular, anthracnose caused by B.cinerea, result in massive economic losses. Therefore, there is an urgent issue to find the techniques to control anthracnose. In the past few decades, edible coatings derived and made from natural compounds have gained increasing attention and are being applied as effective tools to prolong the shelf-life of fruit due to the increasing health and environmental awareness of consumers. Several studies have shown the efficacy of edible coatings in order to extend shelf-life storage by reducing weight loss, decreasing respiration reducing oxidative reaction rates and by reducing or even avoiding physiological disorders in fresh produce .Many biomaterials including polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, and their derivatives have been used to prepare edible coatings .In general, the properties (water vapor and gas transfer) of polysaccharide- or protein-based or lipid-based coatings have been poor due to their respective hydrophilic and hydrophobic natures. Therefore, recent studies have proposed composite coatings such as polysaccharides or proteins are combined with hydrophobic compounds (fats and oils) These composites have shown better properties, particularly water vapor barrier and gas barrier properties, as well as producing glossier-looking products, than pure substances (hydrophobic or hydrophilic). Composite coatings can be categorized as a bilayer or emulsion. In a bilayer coating, lipids generally form an additional layer over the polysaccharide or protein layer In emulsified systems, lipids are dispersed and entrapped in the hydrocolloid matrix .Frog farming has become an activity with great aquaculture potential in several countries, particularly in Brazil, China, Ecuador,Indonesia, Mexico, Taiwan, and Thailand .The annual aquaculture production of frogs around the world according to data from the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization was estimated at 101,233 tons, accounting for 890,724 USD, in 2016. During frog processing, considerable amounts of waste material are generated. The waste material constitutes the liver, paws, skin, fat, and head, accounting for about 30% of the total weight, depending on the processing used. These waste materials should be given further attention because they are rich in potentially nutritional and functional properties such as valuable oils, minerals, enzymes, pigments, and flavors, etc. To date, there has little information reported regarding the utilization of frog skin waste for maximizing the benefits of frog farming. From pervious studies provided the potential of FSO applying in many fields. Thus, it is hypothesized that the oil component extracted from the adipose tissue of the frog skin most likely be an alternative natural oil source in controlling postharvest fungal disease and extend the shelf life of fruit. Incorporation FSO into gelatin solution affected the homogenous characteristics of the film. Higher concentrations of FSO contributed to the uniformity of oil droplets. FSO has been demonstrated as a potential coating for retarding the deterioration of persimmon fruit during storage, as indicated by lower weight loss and TSS and higher firmness and pH. FSO coating treatment did not affect the color of persimmon fruit throughout storage. However, odor and overall acceptance scores of the coated persimmon were negatively affected by FSO, especially with higher FSO concentrations. Thus, FSO coating could be an alternative method for using as a natural coating but further improvements are still needed.

Regards,

Jessica

Managing Editor

International journal of pure and applied zoology